Medroxyprogesterone — what it does and when people use it

Medroxyprogesterone (often called MPA) is a synthetic progestin used in birth control, hormone therapy, and to treat abnormal uterine bleeding. You’ve probably heard of the injection Depo‑Provera or the pill Provera — both contain medroxyprogesterone. It’s powerful, works differently from estrogen, and can solve specific problems fast. But it also has effects you should know about before deciding to use it.

How medroxyprogesterone works and common uses

It prevents pregnancy mainly by stopping ovulation and thickening cervical mucus so sperm can’t reach an egg. Doctors also use it to protect the uterus when giving estrogen in menopause, to control heavy or irregular bleeding, and sometimes to manage endometrial hyperplasia. Important: while it causes monthly bleeding or stops bleeding depending on the schedule, it does not fix fertility issues like ovulation disorders—other treatments are used if you’re trying to get pregnant.

The most common forms are an intramuscular injection given every 12–13 weeks (Depo‑Provera) and oral tablets for short-term bleeding control. The injection is popular because you don’t need a daily pill, but it stays in the body for months.

What to expect: side effects, risks, and practical tips

Spotting, irregular periods, or no periods at all are typical. Many people report weight changes, mood shifts, and decreased libido. A key concern with long-term injectable use is bone density loss; doctors usually recommend limiting long-term use in younger people or ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D and regular bone checks. Return of fertility can be delayed after the injection — it may take several months to over a year for normal ovulation to come back.

Who should be cautious? If you have current breast cancer, unexplained vaginal bleeding, or a history of thrombosis, talk to your clinician before using medroxyprogesterone. Also tell them about other medicines you take—some anti-seizure drugs and rifampin can lower progestin levels. If you’re breastfeeding, discuss timing with your provider; many clinicians consider progestin‑only options safer than combined estrogen after delivery, but individual advice matters.

Want to switch methods or stop? Plan ahead. If you’re switching from Depo‑Provera to a different contraception, discuss overlap and the timing to avoid gaps. If you’re trying to get pregnant after stopping MPA, be prepared for a delay and get support from your healthcare team if conception doesn’t happen within a reasonable time.

Final practical tips: always use medroxyprogesterone from a licensed provider or pharmacy, keep track of injection dates, ask about bone health if you’ll use injections long‑term, and speak up about mood or heavy side effects — there are alternatives. Your clinician can help match the right form and schedule to your goals and health needs.